The lava lizard found on Isabela and Fernandina islands, as well as several surrounding islets, is a unique species of reptile endemic to the Galapagos Islands. This species is easily distinguished by the differences in size, shape, and coloration between males and females. Adult males are larger, featuring a raised middorsal crest and a distinctive black throat. In contrast, females typically have bright orange cheek patches and a black mark at the shoulder. This species is widespread across the western Galapagos archipelago, inhabiting large islands like Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Santiago, and Santa Fe, as well as smaller islands such as Seymour, Baltra, Plaza Sur, Daphne Major, and Rabida. Lava lizards are some of the most abundant reptiles in the Galapagos. Resembling miniature iguanas, they are often seen in large groups basking in the sun on lava rocks, a habit that gives them their common name. There are seven species of lava lizard in the Galapagos, all from the genus Microlophus, with an additional 15 species found along the Pacific coast of South America. These lizards can vary in color from grey to green, brown, or even black. Males are typically more brightly colored with yellow specks or gold stripes, and have a distinct spinal crest along their backs, while females may have a red throat or head. Males also tend to be larger, with rougher, more patterned skin. A male lava lizard’s territory can cover up to 400 square meters and often overlaps with several females' territories. To defend his area, the male performs push-ups to intimidate rivals, a display often conducted on man-made structures like fence posts or signs. These push-ups make the male appear larger and stronger, discouraging other males from engaging in a fight. If a rival persists, the contest may escalate to tail slaps or biting. Breeding occurs during the warmer months, with females reaching sexual maturity as early as nine months, while males take up to three years. Females lay four to six pea-sized eggs in a deep burrow, where they incubate for three months before hatching.