The average Galapagos penguin measures about 49–50 centimeters (19–20 inches) in height and weighs between 2.5 and 4.5 kilograms (5.5 to 9.9 pounds), making it the second smallest species of penguin, following the little penguin. Typically, females are smaller than males. Galapagos penguins are characterized by their striking appearance, featuring a black head with a distinctive white border that runs from behind the eye, around the black ear coverts and chin, and connects at the throat. Their beaks are black on top and transition to pink on the bottom. These penguins have two black bands across their chests that connect to the back, with the lower band extending down to the thighs. Juvenile penguins, on the other hand, have a completely dark head, grayish sides and chin, and lack the breast bands seen in adults.