The Galapagos vermilion flycatcher is an endemic bird species closely related to its mainland counterparts. Males are known for their striking red plumage, while females are more subdued in appearance. These birds primarily inhabit forests of Scalesia, Tournefortia, and Zanthoxylum, though these habitats have diminished due to agriculture. They are insectivorous, catching prey mid-flight, and exhibit monogamous and territorial behaviors. Breeding occurs during the warm season, with nests built high in trees. The species has had a complex taxonomic history, and one of its subspecies, P. r. dubius, is now extinct. Recently, the vermilion flycatcher in Galapagos has been reclassified as a distinct species, P. nanus. Vermilion flycatchers are monogamous and territorial. They reach sexual maturity at two years and attract mates by performing a display flight, ascending vertically while emitting a steady chirp. They breed during the warm season (December to May), constructing cup-shaped nests high in trees using moss and lichen. Each year, they lay three eggs.